Turbine-engine.



P. PHILLH" TURBWE ENGINE. APPLICATION HLED PAM/18.1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET Pntented Jan. 21, 1919.

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P. PHILLIP.

TURBiNE ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY n1. m1.

Patented Jan. 21,1919.

3 SHEETS HEEI 2 P. PHILLIP. TURBINE ENGINE. APPLICATON FILED MAY 18, 9H-1,292,038'. Patented Jan. 21,1919.

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UNIT D STA PETER PHILLIP, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

TURBINE-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 21, 1919.

Application filed May 18, 1917. Serial No. 169,435.

To all whom 2'25 may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER PHILLIP, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cool: and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbine-Engines, ofwhich the following is a specificatlon.

My invention relates to improvements in turbine engines and, althoughut1l1zed for various purposes, is particularly well sulted for use inconnection with steam turbines.

The principal objects of the invention are to provide "an improvedturbine engme of comparatively small size and weight but capable ofdeveloping a very large amount of power; to provide a turbmewhich shallbe extremely eflicient through a wide range of speed; to provide aturbine so organized as to admit of its being governed as to speedaccurately and efiiciently; to provide a turbine of the class describedwhich shall be extremely simple in design, compact, free fromcomplications, and simple and economical to manufacture; to provide aturbine of the class described which shall be easily and inexpensivelyoperated and maintained; and, in general, to provide an nnproved turbineengine of the character referred to.

In the drawings which accompany th1s application I have illustrated aturb ne designed particularly for steam operation, in which drawings,

Figure 1' is a side elevation of the turb ne, a portion of the casingand other parts being broken away to show the interlor construction Fig.2 is a section "taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section taken on the line 33 of'Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portlon of the interior casing,showing the nozzle and vane arrangement;

Fig. 5 is a perspective vlew of a vane or bucket;

Fig. 6 is a filler blocks apart; and

Fig. 7 is a perspective View of one of the anchor locks for holding thevanes and filler blocks in position.

In the drawings, 10 represents as a whole the turbine casing comprisingas principal parts, the side plates 11 and 12 and a middle perspectiveview of "one of the for spacing the adjacent vanes exhaust casting13 towhich the side plates 11 and 12 are suitably secured as by cap screws Onthe exteriors of theside plates 11 and 12 there are bolted a pair ofbearing housings 15 and 16 which constitute suitable supports for theball bearings 17 and 1e inner members of said ball bearings 17 and 18are mounted'upo'n the opposite ends of the rotor shaft 19, theintermediate portion of which is enlarged to cooperate with a pair ofgland fittings 20 and 21 which prevent egress of steam from the interiorof the casing. The turbine is of the radial outward flow type and, inthe present instance, has a pair of rotors 22 and 23 which aresuitablykeyed t0 the. intermediate part of the rotor shaft 19, as shown in Fig.2. Each rotor is of duplex construction, that is to say, it has vanes oneach of its side faces. On the exterior sides of said rotors 22 and 23,the movable vanes on the rotors cooperate with fi'Xed vanes on theinterior sides of the side plates 11 and 12, and on the-inner side facesof said rotors 22 and 23,- the movable vanes cooperate with thestationary vanes fixedly secured to opposite sides of a centralpartitionlike structure 24 constituting an integral part of the centercasting 13.

Steam is supplied to the turbine through a throttle valve 25 located ina main supply pipe 26 which, as shown in Fig. 2, divides and feeds acentral pipe 27 and a pair 01 side conduits 28 and 29. The center feed.27 communicates with a conduit 30 formed in the interior partition 24andleading toward the center of the turbine, andthe side conduits 2S and29 communicate with side passages 31 and 32 formed in the side plates 11and 12 and also leading toward the center of the turbine. The centerfeed conduit 30 feeds two steam chests 33 and 34, one located on eachside of the center line "of the turbine, and the side feed conduits31and 32 feed single steam chests 35 and 36. The

steam emanating from the peripheries of the rotors enters the spacebetween said rotors and the inner periphery of the central casting 13,whence it flows into a main exhaust pipe 37 (see Fig. 1) leading tosuitable condensing apparatus. Describing now the nozzle and vanearrangement, which are important features of my invention, it will beunderstood that lengths the steam which is supplied to the turbine athigh pressure is permitted to expand to several'times its originalvolume during its passage through the turbine. thus extracting from thesteam a large proportion of its energy and securing a high efiiciency.In the present instance, I have shown a rotor equipped with six rows ofvanes, the number of stationary vanes being of course one less; that isto say, five. As shown in Fig. 2, the outer vanes are made of somewhatgreater length than the inner vanes so as to allow for the expansion ofthe motive fluid as it flows outwardly, in addition to which the numbersof vanes are greater in the outer rows, for the reason that thecircumferential of the rows are greater, the vanes being equally spacedin all of the various rowsof vanes.

Describing the nozzle arrangement and referring first to Figs. 1 and 2,it will be understood that the various supply conduits 30, 31, and 32lead to similar steam supply chests, only one of which, with its associated sets of movable and fixed vanes, need be described. Describingthe steam chest fed by the supply conduit 31, it will be observed byreference to Fig. 2, that the upper end ofsaid conduit 31 leads to aduct or slot 38 concentric with the rotor shaft and which registers withan annular slot or groove 39 concentric with and extending completelyaround the rot-or shaft 19. The side of said groove 39 is open andregisters and communicates with a similar but oppositely facing groove40 in the side of the nozzle ring 41 which is suitably secured to theinner'face of the side casting 11 as by cap screw 42. As shown best inFig. 3, the steam which flows into the annular receiving chamber 40 ofthe nozzle ring issues therefrom through a series of circumferentiallyarranged equi-spaced nozzles or jet orifices 43, the rear ends of whichare enlarged, as shown at 44, to communicate with the space 40. The jetorifices 43'are substantially as wide as the length of the vanes withwhich they cotiperate (see Fig. 4), are inclined to direct the steamupon the movable vanes at the desired angle, and are suitably taperedoutwardly, as is customary with such jet orifices. By reference to Fig.1, it will also be seen that the number of orifices is considerably lessthan the number of movable vanes, of which there are, in the first row,approximately, in the present instance, two

and one-half times as many as there are nozzles.

Describing the method of securing the vanes in position to the rotor andthe stator, it will be understood that they are secured in the rotor andstator in precisely the same manner; therefore it will be necessary todescribe the method of securing the same into the casing member only,such being blocks 56 are flush with the tops It will be understoodthat'the 'struction may be changed or best shown in Figs. 3 and 4. InFig. 5, 45 represents as a whole one of the vanes which, as to all partsof its inner surface 46, is parallel with the axis of the turbine shaft19. Such is also true with respect to the surface 47 which is locatedbelow the active or operative portion 48 of the blade. The object ofmaking the lower portion .47 of the blade somewhat thicker than theactive ortion 48, is to permit the proper shaping of the blade surface48 to get the best results, from the standpoint of efficiency, while atthe same time, the lower or foundation part 47 of the blade is madesufficiently thick and substantial to provide the requisite foundationor support tion of the vane.

The method of securing the vanes'in the wheel and casing is by wedgingor dovetailing, the vanes themselves being spaced apart by a series ofsurfaces of which come flush with the tops 50 of the inactive orfoundation portions'of the blades. The circumferential surfaces of theblades, as at 51 and 52, and the circum for the active porfiller blocks49, the upper ferential surfaces of the filler blocks, as at 1 53 and54, are made concentric with the axis of the turbine so as to enable thefiller blocks and vanes to fitwithin annular grooves 55 cut in the sidefaces of the rotor and stator, and also to permit proper co5peration ofthe anchor blocks'56 which are utilized for dovetailing 0r wedging thefiller blocks and vanes in place. As shown, the said wedging blocks 56are seated upon annular raised surfaces 57 and secured thereto by meansof fiat-head screws 58, the heads of which enter suitable countersinksin the tops of the wedging blocks. The wedging blocks 56 are of courseproperly shaped as to their upper ends to fit the surfaces 52 and 54 ofthe vanes and filler blocks and hold the latter rigidly in position, itbeing understood also that the tops'of the dovetailed of the fillerblocks 49. wedging blocks for securing the outer or inner rows of vanesin place, both in the rotor and the stator, have but a single dovetail,as shown at 59 in Fig. 4.

In view of the above detailed description of the mechanical constructionof the turbine, it is believed to be unnecessary to describe further themethod of operation of r the various parts or of the completedstructure. It is sufficient to say that a turbine as above describedfulfils the desired results set forth in the stated objects of theinvention, besides others which will readily occur to those skilled inthe art.

Inasmuch as the described details of conmodified to suit individualrequirements, without loss of efficiency or other advantages, it must beunderstood that the said details are merely l l l l 12 phi illustrativeof my invention, which must be determined by the appended claims.

I claim 1. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine, the combination of arotor frame, a circumferential row of blades provided with foundationportions of greater radial width than the blade portions andcircumferentially extending wedging means on either side of said row ofblades for maintaining the latter in fixed position on said rotor frame.

2. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a rotorframe, a circumferentially extending row of blades extende ing from therotor frame in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the rotor, said blades being provided with founation portions of larger crosssectional area than the cross section of the active blade portions, andcircumferentially extending sectional wedging means on either side ofthe scope of reference to said row of blades for maintaining the latterin fixed position on said rotor frame.

3. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine,-

the combination of a rotor frame, a circumferentially extending row ofblades extending from the rotor frame in a direction substantiallyparallel to the axis of the rotor, said blades being provided withfoundation portions of larger cross sectional area than the crosssection of the active blade portions, a series of filler blocksinterposed between said blades, and circumferentially extendingsectional wedging means on either side of said row of blades and fillerblocks for maintaining the latter in fixed position on said rotor frame.

4. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine,

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe the combination of a blade-supporting frame provided with an annulargroove, a circumferential row of blades provided with foundation partsfitting within said groove, and sectional wedging means on either sideof said groove and engaging said blades for maintaining the latter insaid groove.

5. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine, the combination of ablade-supporting frame provided with an annular groove facing in adirection parallel with the axis of the turbine, a series ofcircumferentially extending spaced apart blades having foundation partsfitting within said groove, filler blocks also fitting within saidgroove and interposed between said blades, and a circumferential seriesof wedging blocks secured on either side of said groove and engagingsaid blades and filler blocks for maintalning the same in fixed positionon said blade-supporting frame.

In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine, the combination of ablade-supporting frame provided with an annular groove facing adirection parallel with the axis of the turbine, a series ofcircumferentially extending spaced apart blades having foundation partsfitting within said groove, filler blocks also fitting within saidgrooves and interposed between said blades, and a circumferential seriesof wedging blocks secured on either side of said groove and engagingsaid blades and filler blocks for maintaining the same in fixed positionon said blade-supporting frame, the upper portions of said foundationparts and said filler blocks being dovetailed to cooperate with saidWedging blocks.

PETER PHILLIP.

"Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0."

